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Witnesses and experts are examined in the oral hearing or in a separate hearing (Rules 104(h) and 112.3 of the Rules of Procedure of the UPC). During the hearing, the presiding judge and the judges of the panel may put questions to the witness or the expert. The parties may also – under the control of the presiding judge – put questions to the witness or expert. The presiding judge may prohibit any question which is not designed to adduce admissible evidence (Rule 112.4 and 5 of the Rules of Procedure of the UPC).

As a rule, the UPC's decisions on the merits will be given as soon as possible after the closure of the oral hearing. The Court shall endeavor to issue the decision in writing within six weeks of the oral hearing (Rule 118.6 of the Rules of Procedure of the UPC).

Alternatively, the UPC may give its decision also immediately after the closure of the oral hearing and provide its reasons on a subsequent date (Rule 118.7 of the Rules of Procedure of the UPC). That may be the case when there is an urgent need for an early decision.